Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in the Philippines, and the country has the highest breast cancer mortality rate in Asia. As such, it’s important to assess whether or not you may have a high risk of developing this illness.

Breast cancer happens when cells in the breast grow out of control and form a lump, or tumor. Not all lumps are cancerous, but cancerous ones can be dangerous and spread to other parts of the body if not treated. 

Breast cancer develops slowly, which means it can often be detected early through regular check-ups and self-awareness.

So, what are the risk factors? 

Risk Factors You Can’t Control

Some risks for breast cancer cannot be avoided. These include:

• Age: The risk increases as women get older, especially after age 40.

• Family history: Having a mother, sister, or daughter with breast cancer raises your chance of getting it.

• Reproductive history: Starting menstruation early (before age 12) or going through menopause late (after 55) gives the body longer exposure to estrogen. This hormone can affect breast cancer development.

These factors do not mean you will definitely get breast cancer, but they can mean you have a higher chance of developing the illness.

Risk Factors You Can Control

Lifestyle also plays a big role. Some habits increase your risk, but the good news is they can be changed:

• Alcohol: Drinking alcohol regularly is linked to a higher risk of breast cancer.

• Obesity: Being overweight, especially after menopause, increases estrogen in the body.

• Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise weakens the body’s defenses against cancer.

• Unhealthy diet: A diet high in processed food, red meat, and sugar may add to the risk.

• Smoking: Tobacco has chemicals that damage cells and may lead to cancer.

Making healthier choices does not guarantee complete safety, but it lowers the chances significantly.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Early breast cancer often has no symptoms, which is why screening is so important. Still, you should look out for these possible signs:

• A lump in the breast or underarm

• Change in the size or shape of the breast

• Unexplained pain in the breast

• Nipple discharge, especially if bloody

• Skin changes, such as redness or dimpling

If you notice any of these, see a doctor immediately and don’t wait for the pain to worsen.

Screening and Early Detection

Breast cancer is easier to treat when found early. Women are encouraged to perform monthly breast self-exams to notice any unusual changes. Clinical breast exams by a doctor should also be a priority, especially if you have a high risk of developing the disease.

Lowering Your Risk

While no one can completely prevent breast cancer, adopting healthier habits can lower the risk. These changes also improve overall well-being:

• Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity, like brisk walking, most days of the week. 

• Maintain a healthy weight. 

• Limit alcohol. Regular drinking of alcohol can increase breast cancer risk. The safest choice is to avoid it or keep it to an occasional drink.

• Avoid smoking. Quitting smoking improves overall health and may lower breast cancer risk.

• Choose a balanced diet. Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and lean protein. Limit processed meat, sugary drinks, and fatty fried foods. 

• Manage stress and rest well. Chronic stress and lack of sleep may weaken the immune system. Practicing relaxation techniques and getting 7-9 hours of sleep supports better health.

Stay Safe from Breast Cancer

So, are you safe from breast cancer? The honest answer is that no one is completely safe. However, you can take strong steps to protect yourself. By knowing your risk factors, living a healthier lifestyle, and getting screened early, you greatly improve your chances of staying healthy.